Average rem sleep in 8 hours11/10/2023 ![]() EMG ( electromyography) is a crucial method to distinguish between sleep phases: for example, a decrease of muscle tone is in general a characteristic of the transition from wake to sleep, and during REM sleep, there is a state of muscle atonia (paralysis), resulting in an absence of signals in the EMG. In order to determine in which stage of sleep the asleep subject is, electroencephalography is combined with other devices used for this differentiation. ![]() ![]() Heart rate variability, well known to increase during REM, predictably also correlates inversely with delta-wave oscillations over the ~90-minute cycle. Secretions of various hormones, including renin, growth hormone, and prolactin, correlate positively with delta-wave activity, while secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone correlates inversely. Delta wave activity, correlating with slow-wave (deep) sleep, in particular shows regular oscillations throughout a good night's sleep. Characteristics Įlectroencephalography shows the timing of sleep cycles by virtue of the marked distinction in brainwaves manifested during REM and non-REM sleep. In humans, this cycle takes 70 to 110 minutes (90 ± 20 minutes). It is sometimes called the ultradian sleep cycle, sleep–dream cycle, or REM-NREM cycle, to distinguish it from the circadian alternation between sleep and wakefulness. The sleep cycle is an oscillation between the slow-wave and REM (paradoxical) phases of sleep. Sample hypnogram showing one sleep cycle (the first of the night) from NREM through REM ![]()
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